摘要
日本鎌倉時代玄奘的畫像中,身旁都有一位異國侍者;這位侍者也見於具有神聖意涵的"釋迦十六善神圖",以及"興福寺曼荼羅"中.本文發現此侍童和玄奘度窺基出家的傳説有關,玄奘以此童子長於記誦計誘窺基出家,宋代佛教史書稱此侍者爲"西域童子".法相宗傳到日本之後,至鎌倉時代在宗派紛競的背景下,法相宗强調自宗係來自印度,以戒賢、玄奘、窺基這個法脈,强調其宗的優越性,因此在玄奘身旁繪此童子,代表窺基的存在,用以顯示法相宗的傳承.
Abstract
Paintings of Xuanzang(玄 奘,600-664)created during the Kamakura era show a young foreign servant by his side.This servant is a sacred figure portrayed in"Images of the 16 Benevolent Deities of Sākyamuni"(Shaka jūroku zenjinzū,釋迦十六善神圖)and a mandala at the Kōfukuji(興福寺)in Nara.This article presents the discovery that this young servant is linked to Song-dynasty legends of Xuanzang persuading Kuiji(窺基,632-682)to serve as his disciple.According to these legends,this youth,known as the Lad from the Western Regions,possessed superb skills in memorizing and chanting sacred texts,which helped convince Kuiji to become a monk.Following the arrival of the Hossō Sect(法相宗)in Japan,intense competition between different Buddhist groups occurred during the Kamakura era,which prompted sect leaders to emphasize that their lineage was superior to others due to its Indian origins and the presence of renowned monks like Xuanzang and Kuiji.Therefore,the presence of this youth in the paintings mentioned above was both an allusion to Kuiji and a means of demonstrating the venerable transmission of the Hossō Sect.
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