摘要
目的 调查秦皇岛市病媒生物防制效果,为巩固国家卫生城市提供科学依据.方法 对秦皇岛市建成区东西南北中 5 个方位的蚊虫、蝇、鼠、蜚蠊进行密度调查,蚊幼虫采用路径法、勺捕法,成蚊采用人诱停落法;鼠类采用鼠迹法;蝇类和蜚蠊采用目测法.结果 蚊虫外环境停落指数为 0.60 只/人次,路径指数为0.56 处/km,勺指数为 2.00%;蝇类外环境孳生地阳性率为 3.33%,室内有蝇房间阳性率为 3.84%,阳性间蝇密度为 1.79 只/间,防蝇设施合格率为 96.28%;鼠类外环境路径指数、室内鼠迹阳性率、重点行业防鼠设施合格率分别为 1.20 处/km、2.15%、95.87%;蜚蠊成若虫侵害率、蟑迹查获率、卵鞘查获率分别为 2.03%、2.08%、0.43%,查获蜚蠊均为德国小蠊.结论 2023 年调查秦皇岛市建成区蚊虫、蝇密度控制水平为C级,鼠、蜚蠊密度控制水平为B级,表明秦皇岛市国家卫生城市病媒生物防制巩固情况比较好.应采取以环境治理为基础,有针对性地开展病媒生物防制工作,科学合理使用化学杀虫剂的综合防制措施.
Abstract
Objective To investigate the control effect of vectors in Qinhuangdao,so as to provide a scientific basis for consolidating the national hygienic city.Methods The density surveys of mosquitoes,flies,rodents,and cockroaches in the five directions(east,west,south,north,and center)of the built-up area in Qinhuangdao were conducted.The route method and dip-catch method were used for mosquito larvae.The human-baited landing method was used for adult mosquitoes.The trace method was used for rodents.The visual observation method was used for flies and cockroaches.Results The outdoor mosquito landing index,the mosquito route index and dip index were 0.60 individuals/person,0.56 places/km and 2.00%,respectively.The positive rate of outdoor fly breeding site was 3.33%,the percent of the rooms that were aggrieved by flies was 3.84%,the fly density of room was 1.79 flies per room,and the pass rate of fly proof facilities was 96.28%.The outdoor rodent route index,the positive rate of rodent traces indoor and pass rate of rodent proof facilities in key units were 1.20 places/km,2.15%and 95.87%,respectively.The infestation rate of adult and nymph cockroaches,the rate of cockroach trace and the rate of egg were 2.03%,2.08%and 0.43%,respectively.All the cockroaches were Blattella germanica.Conclusion In 2023,the density control levels of mosquitoes and flies in the built-up area of Qinhuangdao were level C,and the density control levels of rodents and cockroaches were level B,indicating that the consolidation of vector control in Qinhuangdao as a national hygienic city is relatively good.Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken,with environmental management as the basis,targeted vector control work,and scientific and reasonable use of insecticides.
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