摘要
海德格尔1930年代初期对真理的集中探讨展示了他思想的转向和更深入更丰富的开展。他对柏拉图的“洞穴喻”的解析表明，原始的遮蔽状态笼罩着人的生存，支配着人揭示真理、获取自由的过程。真理是去除遮蔽，是筹划着将自己系缚于一个理念，从而脱离黑暗进入光明。但作为绽出的自由的真理仍在原始的遮蔽统治下。由此，真理也不能由一个理念而一劳永逸地获得，而必须返回洞穴，持续地进行去除遮蔽活动，才能保持住真理。作为始终处于遮蔽和迷误的笼罩下的真理追问，哲学活动就是不断探求存在的意义的来源，即柏拉图的至善。这既是对存在的意义和存在的真理的无尽追问，也是对人自身和人的本质的探求。海德格尔对“洞穴喻”的解释对柏拉图以及古希腊思想诠释开拓出新局面。
Abstract
In the early 1930s, Heidegger concentrated much of his attention on the problem of truth, his discussion of which exhibited a turn that he made in his thought and the renewed profundity and richness of his philosophical investigation. His analysis of Plato’ s “Allegory of the Cave”revealed the prime hiddenness that covers the human existence and dominates the human quest for truth and freedom. Truth is the privation of the hiddenness and projection of one’ s self to an idea so that one can step out of darkness into light. Nevertheless, truth, as ex-sistent freedom, is still under the control of the prime hiddenness, which means that truth is beyond the reach of a mere idea and it is essential to return to the underground cave and constantly perform the act of privation in order to keep the truth. With the inquiry of truth always under the cover of hiddenness and error, the philosophy activity is bound to be an unceasing search for the significance of being, which is exactly what Plato meant by the concept of the Good, and consequently the activity is an endless quest for the meaning of the being and the truth of the being, as well as a pursuit of the human essence. Heidegger’ s interpretation of the “Allegory of the Cave” opened up a new phase for the hermeneutic investigation of the philosophy of Plato and the Greek thought.
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