Myelodysplastic syndromes is a heterogeneous group of myeloid neoplastic disorders originating from hematopoietic stem cells and manifesting as pathological bone marrow hematopoiesis and a high risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia.In low-risk patients,the therapeutic goal is to improve hematopoiesis and quality of life.Roxadustat is the world's first oral small-molecule hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor,which,unlike conventional erythropoietin,corrects anemia through various mechanisms.In this study,we retrospectively analyzed the changes in anemia,iron metabolism,lipids and inflammatory indexes in patients with low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy and safety,and to provide theoretical and practical data for the application of roxadustat in myelodysplastic syndromes.