Diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults and one of the most common complications of diabetes. Timely detection and targeted intervention can effectively reduce the visual impairment caused by DR. However, the lack of typical symptoms in the early stage and the difficulty of large-scale long-term fundus screening often delayed the diagnosis and treatment of DR. The progress of circulating and ocular biomarkers in screening and risk stratification and management of patients with early diabetic retinopathy were reviewed in this paper, aiming to provide the reference for therapies and preventive interventions.
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