目的 研究各神经系统疾病的寡克隆区带（OCB）阳性率及分型，提示OCB的临床意义及应用价值。 方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2022年8月于北京大学第一医院行脑脊液及血清OCB检测的3 217例神经系统疾病患者的检测结果。根据出院诊断分为多发性硬化（479例）、视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病（935例）、自身免疫性脑炎（192例）、病毒性脑炎（94例）、造血干细胞移植后神经系统并发症（232例）、格林-巴利综合征（644例）及慢性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性神经根神经病（157例）等13组。使用等电聚焦电泳结合免疫固定法检测患者同期采集的脑脊液及血液样本中的OCB，依据形态学结果将其分为Ⅰ~Ⅴ型，分析各组患者脑脊液OCB阳性率及分型情况。计数资料采用χ 2检验进行组间比较。 结果 多发性硬化、造血干细胞移植后神经系统并发症、自身免疫性脑炎、病毒性脑炎、视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病、格林-巴利综合征及慢性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性神经根神经病组的脑脊液OCB阳性率分别为66.8%（320/479）、48.7%（113/232）、46.4%（89/192）、19.1%（18/94）、17.6%（165/935）、9.9%（64/644）和5.1%（8/157）。其中，多发性硬化、自身免疫性脑炎、病毒性脑炎及视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病组脑脊液OCB阳性患者以Ⅱ型区带为主，分别占阳性患者的94.1%（301/320）、78.7%（70/89）、77.8%（14/18）和77.6%（128/165），提示存在IgG鞘内合成；造血干细胞移植后神经系统并发症、格林-巴利综合征及慢性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性神经根神经病组脑脊液OCB阳性患者以Ⅳ型区带为主，分别占阳性患者的94.7%（107/113）、82.8%（53/64）和8/8，反映无明显鞘内IgG合成。各组患者脑脊液OCB阳性率比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2=1 268.31，P<0.001）。 结论 各组神经系统疾病脑脊液OCB阳性率不同，其中多发性硬化的患者脑脊液OCB阳性率较高，且以Ⅱ型区带为主，提示脑脊液OCB检测及分型可对多种神经系统疾病，尤其是多发性硬化的诊断提供线索和帮助。 Objective To study positive rates and typing of oligoclonal bands (OCB) in patients with neurological disorders, and to reveal the clinical significance and applicational value of OCB test. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the detection results of 3 217 patients with neurological disorders who undertook both serum and cerebrospinal fluid OCBs in the First Hospital of Peking University from January 2012 to August 2022. According to the final diagnosis, the patients were divided into 13 groups including multiple sclerosis (479 cases), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (935 cases), autoimmune encephalitis (192 cases), viral encephalitis (94 cases), nervous system complication after HSCT (232 cases), Guillain-Barré syndrome (644 cases), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (157 cases), etc. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum OCBs were detected using isoelectric focusing electrophoresis combining immunofixation, then classified into Ⅰ-Ⅴ types according to the morphology. Consequently, positive rates and types were analyzed for each group. χ2 test was used for comparison between groups. Results The positive rates of cerebrospinal fluid OCB in multiple sclerosis, nervous system complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), autoimmune encephalitis, viral encephalitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy were respectively 66.8% (320/479), 48.7% (113/232), 46.4%(89/192), 19.1% (18/94), 17.6% (165/935), 9.9% (64/644), 5.1% (8/157). For patients with multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, viral encephalitis, and autoimmune encephalitis, Type Ⅱ bands took the majority of cerebrospinal fluid OCB-positive cases with the rates of 94.1% (301/320), 78.7% (70/89), 77.8% (14/18), and 77.6% (128/165) respectively, indicating intrathecal IgG synthesis for patients with nervous system complication after HSCT, Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, type Ⅳ bands took the majority of cerebrospinal fluid OCB-positive cases with the rates of 94.7% (107/113), 82.8% (53/64) and 100% (8/8), indicating no obvious intrathecal IgG synthesis. The positive rates of cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands were significantly different among all groups (χ2=1 268.31, P<0.001). Conclusion The positive rates of cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands are different among different neurological disorders, in which the positive rate of cerebrospinal fluid OCB is higher with type Ⅱ bands as the majority type in multiple sclerosis, which indicates that the detection and typing of cerebrospinal fluid OCB are helpful for the diagnosis of various neurological diseases, especially for multiple sclerosis.
Analysis of oligoclonal bands detection results of 3 217 patients with neurological disorders
Objective To study positive rates and typing of oligoclonal bands (OCB) in patients with neurological disorders, and to reveal the clinical significance and applicational value of OCB test. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the detection results of 3 217 patients with neurological disorders who undertook both serum and cerebrospinal fluid OCBs in the First Hospital of Peking University from January 2012 to August 2022. According to the final diagnosis, the patients were divided into 13 groups including multiple sclerosis (479 cases), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (935 cases), autoimmune encephalitis (192 cases), viral encephalitis (94 cases), nervous system complication after HSCT (232 cases), Guillain-Barré syndrome (644 cases), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (157 cases), etc. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum OCBs were detected using isoelectric focusing electrophoresis combining immunofixation, then classified into Ⅰ-Ⅴ types according to the morphology. Consequently, positive rates and types were analyzed for each group. χ2 test was used for comparison between groups. Results The positive rates of cerebrospinal fluid OCB in multiple sclerosis, nervous system complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), autoimmune encephalitis, viral encephalitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy were respectively 66.8% (320/479), 48.7% (113/232), 46.4%(89/192), 19.1% (18/94), 17.6% (165/935), 9.9% (64/644), 5.1% (8/157). For patients with multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, viral encephalitis, and autoimmune encephalitis, Type Ⅱ bands took the majority of cerebrospinal fluid OCB-positive cases with the rates of 94.1% (301/320), 78.7% (70/89), 77.8% (14/18), and 77.6% (128/165) respectively, indicating intrathecal IgG synthesis for patients with nervous system complication after HSCT, Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, type Ⅳ bands took the majority of cerebrospinal fluid OCB-positive cases with the rates of 94.7% (107/113), 82.8% (53/64) and 100% (8/8), indicating no obvious intrathecal IgG synthesis. The positive rates of cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands were significantly different among all groups (χ2=1 268.31, P<0.001). Conclusion The positive rates of cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands are different among different neurological disorders, in which the positive rate of cerebrospinal fluid OCB is higher with type Ⅱ bands as the majority type in multiple sclerosis, which indicates that the detection and typing of cerebrospinal fluid OCB are helpful for the diagnosis of various neurological diseases, especially for multiple sclerosis.
万方数据
