Progress and challenges in the research of urinary extracellular vesicles as disease biomarkers
Urinary extracellular vesicles(uEV)have recently garnered significant attention as crucial components in urine.Advances in high-throughput omics and single-vesicle technologies have deepened our understanding of the origins and contents of uEV,which include proteins,lipids,RNA,and DNA.These vesicles reflect the pathophysiological status of their source organs.uEV are highly stable,traceable,and can be enriched with various contents,making them promising biomarkers,particularly for urogenital diseases.
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