Clinical detection of prevalence trends of respiratory tract pathogens and influence of prevention and control of COVID-19 in Nanyang from 2011 to 2023
OBJECTIVE To analyze the impact of common clinical respiratory pathogens and novel coronavirus out-break on the epidemiological variability.METHODS Clinical data on 111 029 febrile patients from Jan.2011 to Jun.2023 and 65 651 patients from 2011-2021 Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)surveillance data of Nanyang Mu-nicipal Tuberculosis Control Center were collected,and retrospective analyses were used to analyze the epidemio-logical changes of respiratory pathogens and MTB,the changes before and after the COVID-19 outbreaks,and the characteristics the patients'age distribution by using the temporal dimension and the dynamics of the age distribu-tion.RESULTS Clinical delivery of specimens for respiratory pathogens detection was concentrated around May to August and December each year,with perennial epidemics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP),pandemics of ade-noviruses(ADV)and respiratory syncytial viruses(RSV)occurring during the 2012-2014 period,and crossover or concurrent epidemics of influenza B viruses(IBV)and parainfluenza viruses(HPIV).The epidemiological trend of respiratory pathogens had undergone significant changes and had their own epidemiological characteristics before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.The positive rates of MP infection in the pre-epidemic,in the middle and late stage of the epidemic were 16.72％,27.11％,and 18.23％,respectively,and the positivity composition ratio was 60.61％,90.83％,and 90.19％,respectively.The positive rate of MP combined with the IBV infection decreased from 7.75％before the epidemic to 0.03％in the late stage of the epidemic,the positive rate of IBV infection was 4.21％,0.54％,0.31％in the pre-,mid-,and late-stage of the epidemic,respectively,and the positive rate of HPIVs was 1.94％,1.50％,0.52％,respectively,ADV were 3.11％,0.31％,0.28％,respectively,RSV were 1.38％,0.25％,2.37％,in the pre-,mid-,and late-stage of the epidemic,respectively,and the positive rate of ADV and RSV infection changed from 3.11％and 1.38％to 0.28％and 2.37％in the late epidemic.The prevalence of MTB infection increased with the age of the patients,and the prevalence of people over 75 years of age de-creased to 6.98％,with the largest number of infected patients in the age group of 55-64 years old.While the num-ber of patients with MTB infection decreased year by year,there was a trend of a gradual increase in the number of patients with smear-positive laboratory tests.CONCLUSION The age distribution and epidemiological changes of patients infected with respiratory pathogens had their own characteristics,and the COVID-19 pandemic and pre-ventive and control measures had changed the epidemiological trends of respiratory pathogens,with a view to pro-viding a reference for the development of effective preventive and control measures for respiratory pathogens.
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