Etiological characteristics and risk factors for infections in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis
OBJECTIVE To explore the etiological characteristics and risk factors for infections in the patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA)-associated vasculitis(AAV).METHODS A total of 151 patients with AAV who were treated in Zhanjiang Central People's Hospital from May 2021 to May 2023 were enrolled in the study,79 of whom were complicated with infection and were assigned as the infection group,72 were not complicated with infection and were assigned as the non-infection group.The clinical data of the patients were ret-rospectively analyzed.The prevalence of infections and distribution of pathogens isolated from the AAV patients were statistically analyzed.Logistic regression analysis was performed for the risk factors for the infections in the AAV patients.RESULTS Totally 79 patients were complicated with infections among the 151 AAV patients,with the incidence of infections 52.32％.Totally 81 strains of pathogens were isolated from the patients of the infection group,including gram-negative bacteria,gram-positive bacteria,fungi and viruses.The gram-negative bacteria were dominant among the isolated pathogens,followed by the gram-positive bacteria,Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the predominant species of gram-negative bacteria,and Staphylococcus aureus was the major species of gram-positive bacteria.The result of logistic regression analysis showed that lung involvement,gastrointestinal tract in-volvement,hemoglobin and albumin were the risk factors for the infections in the AAV patients(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION The incidence of infections is high among the AAV patients,the gram-negative bacteria are domi-nant among the pathogens.The infections may result in the abnormal changes of clinical laboratory test indexes hemoglobin,albumin,glomerular filtration rate(eGFR).The infections in the AAV patients are closely associat-ed with the lung involvement,gastrointestinal involvement,hemoglobin and albumin.It is necessary for the hospi-tal to take targeted prevention and control measures in early stage so as to reduce the risk of infections in the AAV patients.
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