To enhance the interaction among multiple agents in carbon trading mechanisms,a leader-follower game method is proposed,with carbon trading JMO(joint market operator)as the leader and multiple IES(integrated en-ergy systems)as followers.This method aims to achieve low-carbon economic operation for different IES.Firstly,un-der the tiered penalty mechanism for carbon emission,the operational benefits of various agents'IES are modeled and analyzed.A dual-mode operation strategy for IES,which includes options for low carbon emission and low cost,is proposed.Secondly,based on the dynamic non-cooperative Stackelberg game optimization framework,a carbon trading model involving multiple agents is established according to the operational modes of each agent.Finally,the decision-making model of the leader-follower game is solved using both adaptive differential evolution(DE)algo-rithm and the Gurobi optimizer.Case analysis results demonstrate that this carbon trading mechanism can effectively achieve both low-carbon and economic operation for IES.
low carbonIEScarbon emissioncarbon tradingdynamic non-cooperative Stackelberg game
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