摘要
甘草,是世界上最古老和应用最广泛的中草药之一,因其独特的甜味和丰富的药用价值常被纳入传统中药配方中,至今仍是中医方剂中不可或缺的组成部分.甘草的主要化学成分包括三萜皂苷类、黄酮类、甘草多糖类等.实验和临床研究表明,甘草的不同提取物和化合物具有多种药理活性,包括抗炎、抗病毒、抗微生物、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、免疫调节以及神经保护作用,并对心脑血管疾病、糖尿病和肝病等表现出良好的治疗效果.本文综述了甘草的主要化学成分和药理活性,详细列出了甘草中活性化合物的潜在靶点和作用机制.此外,还讨论了目前甘草使用时需注意的毒副作用与合理剂量,并探讨了其在临床应用中所扮演角色.希望通过这篇文章能够为进一步安全有效地利用甘草并深入开展相关新型治疗方法提供基础依据.
Abstract
Licorice,a perennial herb of Leguminosa,is one of the oldest and most widely used herbal medicines worldwide.Its distinct sweet flavor and rich medicinal value make it an integral component of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formulations,which continue to be widely employed.The main chemical constituents of licorice include triterpenoid saponins,flavonoids,and polysaccharides.Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that various extracts and pure compounds derived from licorice exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antimicrobial,antiviral,antitumor,immune-regulatory,and neuroprotective activities.The bioactive constituents of licorice offer therapeutic benefits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,diabetes mellitus,and liver disorders.This comprehensive review discusses the primary chemical constituents of licorice and their pharmacological activities,describes in vivo and in vitro models employed for studying licorice,and its potential targets and mechanisms of action.Furthermore,we discuss the toxicological profile,side effects,dosage recommendations,and clinical applications of licorice.This review aims to establish a foundation for further research on the safe and effective utilization of licorice while facilitating an in-depth exploration of its properties and fostering the development of novel therapeutic agents.
基金项目
National Natural Science Foundation of China(82204878)
万方数据