Optimization of Dietary Fermentation Conditions of Apostichopus japonicus and Its Effects on Growth Performance,Gutmicrobiota and Water Environment
[Objective]We optimized the fermentation conditions of Apostichopus japonicus diets,explored its effects on growth performance,intestinal microbial diversity and water environment to achieve the purpose of green and efficient culture of A.japonicus.[Method]Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum were used as the fermentation strains,the fermentation time and the proportion,and the suitable fermentation conditions of diets of A.japonicus were determined.10％,20％,30％ and 40％ mass fraction fermented diets were used to replace the ordinary for 40 days.The growth performance,body composition,intestinal enzyme activity,gut microbiota and water environment were sampled and analyzed.[Result]Diets fermented by the three strains together at 35 ℃ for 3 days,contained the highest content of acid soluble protein (ASP),which was significantly higher than most groups (P<0.05).With the increase of the replacement amount of fermented diets,the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of A.japonicus increased first and then decreased,with the 20％ fermented diets replacement group performing best (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between other experimental groups and control group (P>0.05).The contents of amylase increased after the fermented diets replacement,and were the highestin the 20％ replacement group (P<0.05),there was no significant difference between the other groups and the control group (P>0.05).The villus height and intestinal microbial diversity were both increased after fermented diets replacement,and were thehighest in the 20％ replacement group (P<0.05),which effectively improved the colonization of beneficial bacteria such as Planoccoccus in Firmicutes.[Conclusion]The contents of total nitrogen and phosphorus in the water could be effectively reduced by fermented diets replacement,and the optimal replacement amount was 20％.The fermentation effect was the best when the ratio of S.cerevisiae to B.subtilis to L.plantarum was 1:1:1 for 3 d.Adding 20％ fermented diets can effectively optimize the intestinal structure,improve the digestibility to promote the growth of A.japonicus.
Apostichopus japonicusfermented dietsoptimization of conditionsgut microbiotagrowth performance
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