摘要
以5 种生活在不同水层暖温性海域的洄游性鱼类(蓝点马鲛、龙头鱼、鮸、绿鳍马面鲀和褐菖鲉)为研究对象,采用凯氏定氮、酸水解法和水解氨基酸等检测方法,探究不同水层洄游性鱼类肌肉营养品质的差异并进行分析.结果表明,5 种洄游鱼类的肌肉中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分、灰分含量范围分别为 16.47%～21.20%、0.67%～3.27%、73.60%～78.40%和 1.03%～2.73%,以蓝点马鲛的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量较高.5 种鱼中蓝点马鲛的必需氨基酸(6.98%)、非必需氨基酸(8.55%)和呈味氨基酸(7.46%)总量均高于其他4种鱼类(P<0.05).5 种鱼类肌肉中共检测出 21 种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸总量以龙头鱼的最高,分别为 12.72%和 10.65%;多不饱和脂肪酸和EPA+DHA总量以蓝点马鲛的最高,分别为 4.85%和 4.29%.综上所述,5 种鱼类的肌肉营养丰富,但是彼此间成分和品质特性差异明显,从人类饮食需求和健康角度出发,推荐蓝点马鲛为更优质的水产品.
Abstract
In this study,five species of migratory fish(Scomberomorus niphonius,Harpadon nehereus,Mi-ichthys miiuy,Thamnaconus modestus and Sebastiscus marmoratus)living in warm sea areas of different water layers were selected to analyze the differences of their muscle nutrition characteristics,nutrient composition and quality.The methods of kjeldahl nitrogen,acid hydrolysis method and hydrolyzed amino acids were used to reach our goals and the results demonstrated that the content of crude protein,crude fat,moisture and ash within the five fish muscles were varied from 16.47%-21.20%,0.67%-3.27%,73.60%-78.40%and 1.03%-2.73%,respectively.S.niphonius owned a high content of protein and crude fat.Meanwhile,it contained the highest content of essential amino acids,non-essential amino acids and flavorful amino acids with the values reached to 6.48%,8.55%,7.46%of the wet weight,respectively,significantly different from the other species(P<0.05).A total of 21 fatty acids were detected in the muscles of the five fish,H.nehereus contained the highest amount of SFA and MUFA with the values reached to 12.72%and 10.65%respectively.While S.nipho-nius had the highest PUFA and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)+docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)content with the amount reached to 4.85%and 4.29%,respectively.In summary,according to our study,even though the five species are rich in muscle nutrition,there existed obvious differences in the nutrient composition and quality characteristics in their muscle.Furthermore,our study recommend S.niphonius as a high-quality aquatic prod-uct for human beings in terms of the nutrient require and health.
万方数据