Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion(OLIF)combined with posterior pedicle rod fixation and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(TLIF)in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spine diseases.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 65 patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease who underwent surgery in our hospital from March 2018 to November 2022.Among them,35 patients were treated with OLIF combined with posterior pedicle rod fixation(the OLIF group),30 patients were treated with TLIF(the TLIF group).The perioperative indexes and the occurrence of recent postoperative complications were recorded between the two groups,and the visual analogue score(VAS)and Oswestry dysfunction index(ODI)of pain before,1 month and 3 months after surgery were compared,as well as the differences in the height of intervertebral space and intervertebral foramen before and after surgery.Results Compared with the TLIF group,the OLIF group had advantages in intraoperative blood loss,postoperative walking time,postoperative hospital stay,postoperative intervertebral space height,intervertebral foramen height,postoperative height improvement,surgical VAS score,ODI index and postoperative complication rate(P<0.05).Conclusion Both surgical methods can effectively treat degenerative lumbar spine diseases,OLIF combined with posterior pedicle rod fixation has more advantages for intervertebral space and intervertebral foramen recovery,less intraoperative bleeding,faster postoperative recovery,and better treatment effect in single-segment degenerative lumbar spine diseases.