Objective To explore the mediating effect of medication belief on medication compliance and illness perception in patients with acute herpetic n-euralgia.Methods From November 2021 to October 2022,a total of 340 inpatientswith acute herpetic neuralgia in the pain department of a tertiary hospital in Jiaxing were selected by convenience sampling method.The Chinese version of t-he Morisky Medication Adherence Scale(MMAS-8),the Chinese version of the M-edication Belief Specificity Questionnaire,and the Simple Disease Perception Scale were used to investigate.Results The results of Bootstrap test showed th-at the mediating effect of concern belief on disease perception and medication compliance in patients with acute herpes zoster was-0.378(95%CI:-0.469~-0.288),accounting for 62.6%of the total effect.The mediating effect of med-ication necessary beliefs was-0.110(95%CI:-0.175~-0.052),accounting f-or 32.7%of the total effect.Conclusion Medication belief plays a partial med-iating role between illness perception and medication compliance.Nursing staffshould actively carry out intervention strategies to improve patients'beliefsabout the necessity of medication,reduce their beliefs about concerns,and im-prove their disease perception,so as to improve medication compliance and ach-ieve the purpose of relieving patients'pain and reducing complications.