Objective To analyze the association of serum miR-223 and type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Methods A total of 138 patients with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized in the Endocrinology Department of Jiaxing First Hospital from December 2020 to May 2022 were collected.According to the presence or absence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy,the patients were divided into 2 groups:type 2 diabetes group(77 cases),type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy group(61 cases).The expression level of serum miR-223 was detected by real-time quantitative PCR and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)was determined by ELISA.Investigated the differences of miR-223 and TNF-α between the two groups.Results Compared with the type 2 diabetes group,miR-223 and TNF-α were significantly increased in the type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy group,with statistical difference between groups(P<0.05).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis of miR-223 predicted diabetic peripheral neuropathy with a sensitivity of 67.2%and specificity of 76.6%(95%CI:0.634~0.809,P<0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of miR-223 combined with diabetes course in predicting diabetic peripheral neuropathy were 73.8%and 77.9%(95%CI:0.750~0.889,P<0.05).Conclusion miR-223 in peripheral blood of type 2 diabetes patients can be used as a molecular marker to predict diabetic peripheral neuropathy,with higher diagnostic value of combined with diabetic disease course.