Objective To analyze the correlation between cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)and thyroid function.Methods 71 patients with cerebral small vessel disease from May 2020 to November 2022 were selected into the CSVD group.71 patients who underwent health checkups during the same period were selected as the control group.The differences in thyroid function indicators(TT3,TT4,FT3,FT4,TSH,TgAb,TPOAb,Tg,TRAb)between two groups of patients were analyzed.Results There were significant differences in age,smoking,hypertension,diabetes,hyperhomocysteinemia,hyperuricemia,TT3,FT3,FT4,TSH,and TRAb between the two groups(P<0.05).The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that FT3,TSH,hyperhomocysteinemia and age were correlated with CSVD(P<0.05).FT3 is a protective factor for CSVD.TSH is a risk factor for CSVD.Conclusion There was a correlation between CSVD and thyroid hormones FT3 and TSH.It is recommended that CSVD patients undergo thyroid hormone testing,with a focus on FT3 and TSH levels.