Objective To investigate the effect of subcutaneous negative pressure drainage in incision suture in colorectal perforation surgery,and to analyze the factors affecting the occurrence of incision infection after surgery.Methods 80 cases of patients with colorectal perforation admitted from January 2018 to January 2023 were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group using the random number table method,with 40 cases in each group.The control group used conventional suture measures,and the observation group added subcutaneous negative pressure drainage on the basis of the control group.Compare the clinical indexes,healing condition,serum indexes and incision infection rate of the two groups,and analyse the relevant factors affecting the patients'occurrence of postoperative incision infection.Results Comparison of skin suture time,incision healing time,incision healing rate and hospital stay between the two groups showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05).At 3 d postoperatively,comparison of IL-6,IL-10 and hs-CRP levels and incision infection incidence between the two groups showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Logistics regression analysis of the older age,suffering from diabetes mellitus and the use of conventional Suture treatment as independent influencing factors for the occurrence of incision infection in patients after surgery.Conclusion The use of subcutaneous negative pressure drainage can promote the postoperative recovery of patients with colorectal perforation and help reduce the incision infection rate,and older age,diabetes mellitus and the use of conventional suture will increase the risk of postoperative incision infection in patients,so we should carry out specific interventions according to the actual situation,in order to improve the prognosis of patients.