Practice-Oriented Type Education:An Effective Path for the Development of Vocational Undergraduate Education:Lessons from Germany and Insights for China
The development of vocational undergraduate education in China has gained policy support,and it is imperative to explore practical approaches to promote its stable implementation beyond the pilot phase.After nearly half a century of effort,Germany has successfully established practice-oriented vocational undergraduate education as an important type of undergraduate education.It features specialized universities of applied sciences,distinct talent cultivation positioning compared to general undergraduate education,a modem vocational education system with vertical and horizontal connections,irreplaceable educational functions,and a unique social and cultural context.Germany's experience emphasizes the importance of practical experience in admission qualifications,the arrangement of practical courses both on and off-campus,teaching innovation guided by practicality,the integration of research and education focusing on practical applications,the cultivation of high-quality teaching staff with dual qualification,and the establishment of a quality assurance system through certification.The German experience inspires China to promote the development of vocational undergraduate education through a practice-oriented type-based education approach,strengthen the construction of vocational undergraduate education programs,optimize talent selection based on industry demands,and highlight the practice-oriented curriculum design.Additionally,it is important to enhance teaching effectiveness through innovative approaches,prioritize the development of teaching staff with dual qualification,establish a comprehensive internal quality assurance system,and leverage advantages to cultivate distinctive characteristics in vocational undergraduate education.
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