Examination of Vocational Education Practices from the Perspective of Typological Attributes:Evolution,Challenges,and Solutions
Vocational education is an equally important type of education as general education.Based on the examination of vocational education practices from the perspective of typological attributes,its evolution can be divided into four stages:the embryonic stage of primitive human skill transmission,the nascent stage of traditional apprenticeship,the formative stage of school-based vocational education,and the transformative stage of modem vocational education systems.In the construction of the modem vocational education system in China,there are multiple challenges,including administrative detachment from industrial sectors,lack of involvement from industry entities,limitations in professional programs due to a focus on academic subjects,and a disconnect between teaching standards and vocational standards.These challenges reflect the deviation of vocational education practices from typological attributes.To address these challenges,it is crucial to manage and establish harmonious relationships among the nation,stakeholders,professional programs,and teaching practices at various levels,such as education and industry,school and enterprise,professional and occupation,and learning and work.This is the key path for vocational education to return to its typological attributes and resolve the existing challenges.
vocational educationtypological attributespractice examinationmodem vocational education system
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