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面向技能型社会的技能人才全生命周期培养策略探析

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技能人才培养是建设技能型社会的重要抓手.依据全生命周期理论,通过对技能人才技能发展的启蒙阶段、成长阶段、成熟阶段和更新阶段的特点分析,探讨技能型社会建设下技能人才培养面临的挑战.其中,技能启蒙阶段的技能人才处于新手状态,对技能的认知还较为懵懂,对技能的掌握比较粗浅.技能成长阶段的技能发展经历由慢到快的发展历程,需要反复练习并达到专业化,才能使技能人才从新手过渡到胜任者.技能成熟阶段的技能人才达到了熟手阶段,其典型特征就是工作方式更具有研究性和创新性.技能更新阶段是技能发展的转折点,是技能人才从熟手过渡到专家的重要阶段.从终身发展的视角来看,技能人才的技能培养面临技能启蒙阶段人才培养的前瞻性不足、技能成长阶段人才培养的合作性不强、技能成熟阶段人才培养的激励性不强、技能更新阶段人才培养的终身性不强等问题.建议职业院校遵循技能形成的生命周期逻辑调适人才培养策略,注重技能启蒙阶段的前瞻性,增进技能成长阶段的合作性,强化技能成熟阶段的激励性,推进技能更新阶段的终身性,进一步提升技能人才培养的成效,助力技能型社会建设.
An Analysis of the Full Life Cycle Training Strategies for Skilled Talents in a Skill-oriented Society
The cultivation of skilled talents is an important lever for building a skill-oriented society.Based on the theory of the entire life cycle,this paper analyzes the characteristics of the enlightenment stage,growth stage,maturity stage,and renewal stage of skill development for skilled talents,and explores the challenges faced by skilled talent cultivation in the construction of a skill-oriented society.In the skill enlightenment stage,skilled talents are in a novice state,with a limited understanding of skills and a shallow grasp of them.The skill growth stage involves a development process that progresses from slow to fast,requiring repeated practice and specialization for skilled talents to transition from novices to competent individuals.At the skill maturity stage,skilled talents reach the proficiency level,characterized by a more research-oriented and innovative working style.The skill renewal stage marks a turning point in skill development,serving as a crucial phase for skilled talents transitioning from proficient to expert status.From the perspective of lifelong development,the training of skilled talents faces issues such as insufficient foresight in the skill enlightenment stage,weak collaboration in the skill growth stage,inadequate motivation in the skill maturity stage,and a lack of lifelong orientation in the skill renewal stage.Vocational colleges are encouraged to adjust their talent cultivation strategies based on the lifecycle logic of skill formation.They should enhance foresight during the skill enlightenment stage,foster cooperation in the skill growth stage,boost motivation in the skill maturity stage,and promote lifelong learning in the skill update stage.These efforts will improve the effectiveness of skilled talent cultivation and support the establishment of a skill-oriented society.

skill-oriented societyfull life cycle theoryskilled talent cultivationlifelong learning

许艳丽、韦月、吕建强

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天津大学 教育学院,天津 300354

曲阜师范大学 职业与继续教育研究院,山东 曲阜 273165

技能型社会 全生命周期理论 技能人才培养 终身学习

教育部教育管理信息中心教育管理与决策研究服务专项委托课题

MOE―CIEM―20230019

2024

职教论坛
江西科技师范大学

职教论坛

CSTPCDCHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.149
ISSN:1001-7518
年,卷(期):2024.40(10)