Mating behavior and characteristics of Monochamus alternatus
The mating behavior and characteristics of Monochamus alternatus adults in cages were observed over a 24 h period. Results showed that the mating behavior consisted of two steps: 1) the female got close to and moved around the male, and 2) the male caught the female and mated. Mating behavior rhythm within 24 h consisted of two mating peaks at 10:00-14:00 and 18:00-24:00. Little to no mating behavior occurred outside of these periods. Mating behavior revealed that multiple mating existed universally. Individuals with a mating frequency of 2 times (or more) accounted for 77.5% of all experimental insects, and mating lasted 50 s each time. Apart from the normal male-female mating, male-male "mating" and female-female "mating" occurred. In addition, two males sometimes fought for the right of mating with the same female.