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冬季圈养灰雁行为初步观察

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灰雁Anser anser是雁形目Anseriformes鸭科Anatidae雁属Anser的珍稀鸟类.为深入了解人工饲养灰雁冬季的行为节律,以东洞庭湖救助的灰雁为研究对象,利用目标动物取样法对灰雁冬季行为进行观察.研究将灰雁的行为分为取食、运动、警戒、静止、清理、社会共6类,包含20种具体行为,并对每一种行为进行了描述,建立了灰雁行为谱.记录灰雁每一种行为持续的时间.研究发现:灰雁不同行为最长持续时间差异较大,灰雁休憩行为最长可持续20 min左右,但通信的最长时间仅为16s.灰雁不同行为的最短持续时间则差异不大,为3~10 s.白天行为节律的研究表明:取食、静止、运动、清理是灰雁冬季所占时间比例较高的行为,但各行为所占时间比例在1d中存在波动.静止是灰雁行为所占比例最大的行为种类,主要发生在上午和傍晚,取食行为在1d中存在2个高峰,但受喂食时间的影响.警戒主要伴随摄食而发生,且摄食时会伴随较多其他行为.冬季人工饲养灰雁白天行为节律的研究对于灰雁的成功救助和人工繁殖具有十分重要的意义.
Behavior of overwintering, artificially reared greylag geese (Anser anser)
To further understand the behavioral rhythm of artificially reared greylag geese (Anser anser) during the overwintering period,the behavior sampling method was used to survey six behaviors:foraging,moving,observing,resting state,washing feathers,and communicating,of geese reared on the eastern side of Dongting Lake.In addition,during the survey process,20 behaviors were described with the duration time for each behavior recorded and analyzed.12 greylag geese were observed and the observation happened 8:00 to 16:00 every day in the experiment.Results showed that the longest duration time for each behavior differed with the longest duration time of rest being 20 min;whereas,communication behavior was only 16 s.The shortest duration time for each behavior was almost the same lasting from 3 to 10 s,but there were fluctuations for all behaviors.Greylag goose behavioral rhythm during overwintering indicated that feeding,being stationary,exercising,and cleaning were the major behaviors.The proportion of time for being stationary was more than the others with peaks always occurring in the morning and evening.Frequency of the foraging behavior was determined by feeding with two peaks in a day.During the foraging process,many behaviors were observed,such as the vigilance behavior.This research would be useful for rearing and succoring greylag geese that were overwintering.

zoologygreylag goosebehavioral rhythmoverwinteringbehavior sampling method

徐正刚、段酬苍、冯蕾、彭姣、吴良、赵运林

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湖南城市学院化学与环境工程学院,湖南益阳413000

中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院,湖南长沙410000

湖南农业大学生物科学与技术学院,湖南长沙410128

动物学 灰雁 行为节律 冬季 目标动物取样法

国家林业公益性行业科研专项湖南省林业科技计划项目湖南省科技计划重点项目

201304310XLK2015252014CK2001

2016

浙江农林大学学报
浙江农林大学

浙江农林大学学报

CSTPCDCSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.929
ISSN:2095-0756
年,卷(期):2016.33(5)
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