Effect of foliar fertilization on seed quality of Torreya grandis'Merrillii'during seed filling period
[Objective]This study aims to explore aspects of Torreya grandis'Merrillii'seeds,including appearance,nutritional quality,element content,flower bud differentiation,and expansion and fruit setting,so as to provide a theoretical basis for supplementing tree nutrition and improving seed quality.[Method]During the seed filling period of T.grandis'Merrillii'from June to August,the seeds were treated with water as a control and sprayed with 7 commercial foliar fertilizers(amino acid water-soluble fertilizer,fulvic acid water-soluble fertilizer,active potassium water-soluble fertilizer,high-strength calcium water-soluble fertilizer,liquid boron water-soluble fertilizer,trace element water-soluble fertilizer,and macro-element water-soluble fertilizer).Physiological indicators of seeds in terms of seed morphology,oil content and fatty acid composition,crude protein content,starch content,soluble sugar content,and flowering intensity were measured and their effects on seed quality were analyzed.[Result]Spraying amino acid water-soluble fertilizer and macro-element water-soluble fertilizer significantly increased(P＜0.05)the kernel shape index,single kernel mass,nucleation rate,kernel type index,and single kernel mass of seeds,as well as oil content,soluble sugar content,and flowering intensity,and significantly reduced starch content.Among them,the single kernel mass of seeds treated with amino acid water-soluble fertilizer increased by 9.8％compared with the control,while the starch content decreased by 1.9％.The single kernel mass,oil content,and soluble sugar content of seeds treated with macro-element water-soluble fertilizer increased by 9.5％,11.9％,and 15.9％,respectively,compared with the control.At the same time,spraying amino acid water-soluble fertilizer significantly promoted(P＜0.05)the content of taxoleic acid in seeds,which increased by 15.9％compared with the control,while spraying macro-element water-soluble fertilizer significantly(P＜0.05)increased the content of unsaturated fatty acids in seeds by 4.2％compared with the control.In addition,high-strength calcium water-soluble fertilizer had a significant promoting effect(P＜0.05)on the increase of kernel yield,flowering intensity,and fruit setting rate,which were 3.3％,17.1％,and 10.9％higher than the control.The active potassium water-soluble fertilizer significantly increased the protein content of seeds by 13.6％compared with the control.Principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive quality score of seeds treated with amino acid water-soluble fertilizer was the highest.[Conclusion]The amino acid water-soluble fertilizer treatment has the best effect,followed by high-strength calcium water-soluble fertilizer and macro-element water-soluble fertilizer.[Ch,3 fig.5 tab.29 ref.]
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