Leaf color variation in plants is a common and easily recognized phenomenon in nature,which affects the photosynthetic efficiency of plants and leads to poor growth,so it was once considered to be an undesirable variation and gradually eliminated.But in recent years,social advancements and increased demand for ornamental landscaping have brought renewed attention to leaf color mutants.Leaf color mutants are generally regulated at the molecular level,resulting in abnormal chloroplast structure,inhibited photosynthesis,and abnormal pigment synthesis and metabolic pathways.Therefore,they serve as ideal materials for studying pigment metabolism,chloroplast development and differentiation,photosynthesis,and related pathways,and can also provide important information for variety improvement.This paper reviews the research progress of leaf color mutants in recent years,and clarifies that leaf color mutants in higher plants mainly come from natural mutation and artificial mutation.Leaf color mutants can be divided into several types based on color,such as yellowing,yellow green,green yellow,green white,albino,light green,white emerald,stripe and so on.According to the way of leaf color change,leaf color mutants can be divided into monochromatic mutation,variegated mutation and stage chlorosis.Its inheritance mode is generally divided into nuclear inheritance,cytoplasmic inheritance and nucleocytoplasmic interaction inheritance.Compared with normal green leaf plants,the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate of most leaf color mutants decrease,so does the utilization rate of carbon dioxide.Mutations in genes related to synthesis and metabolism of chlorophyll,carotenoids,and flavonoids(particularly anthocyanins),as well as genes involved in chloroplast differentiation and development,can explain the molecular mechanism underlying leaf color mutants.Leaf color mutants can be applied in landscaping and widely used in basic research and breeding as excellent experimental materials.The findings of this review can provide theoretical reference for further research on leaf color variation.[Ch,112 ref.]
leaf color variationchlorophyllchloroplastcarotenoidflavonoidreview
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