The antifungal responses of insects against an entomopathogenic fungi,Beauveria bassiana and their application potential in pest control
Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana can successfully infect and kill a wide range of insect hosts and therefore serve as effective bio-insecticide formulations.Accordingly,insects rely on a variety of strategies to de-fend against fungal infections,among which innate immunity is an essential component responsible for antifungal re-sponses.The insect cuticle is the first barrier against fungal invasion.The cuticle and exocrine glands can secrete a variety of antifungal compounds to suppresses the virulence of B.bassiana.When the hyphae break through the cuti-cle and send infective spores to the hemocoel,cellular and humoral immunity work together to generate systemic im-mune responses.A variety of defense effectors are produced and functioned in cellular nodulation,encapsulation,melanization and apoptosis.Strong immune responses greatly affect the virulence of fungi,leading to the limitations of the application of these mycoinsecticide formulations.In this paper,we detailed immune genes,pathways and strategies against fungal infection.This study contributes to a better understanding of insect antifungal immunity mechanisms,as well as provides a solid basis for the effective improvement of entomopathogenic fungi virulence.This information offers us with new strategies for agricultural pest management.
entomopathogenic fungicuticle immunityimmune pathwayantifungal immune responsepest control
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