为探索10％噻唑膦颗粒剂+6％寡糖·噻唑膦水乳剂(简记为CP1)和42％威百亩水剂(简记为CP2)对山药田土壤线虫生态环境的影响,以山药浅生槽定向栽培田和传统栽培田为研究对象,采用线虫形态学鉴定方法和土壤常规分析方法,研究这两种处理对土壤线虫群落和土壤理化性质的影响.结果表明,与空白对照(CK)相比,两个处理对土壤含水量、pH值、有机质含量无显著影响,但可显著(P＜0.05)提高浅生槽定向栽培田0～20 cm 土层的速效钾含量,显著降低传统栽培田＞20～40 cm 土层的速效钾含量.与CK相比,CP1处理对浅生槽定向栽培田0～20 cm 土层的食细菌类线虫和植物寄生类线虫的占比无显著影响,但可使传统栽培田0～20、＞20～40 cm 土层的山药病原线虫——短体线虫属(Pratylenchus)的相对丰度显著降低,使有益线虫——食细菌类的小杆线虫属(Rhabditis)和拟丽突线虫属(Acrobeloides)的相对丰度显著增加;CP2处理不仅可使浅生槽定向栽培田0～20 cm 土层和传统栽培田0～20、＞20～40 cm 土层短体线虫属的相对丰度显著降低,还可显著提高传统栽培田0～20、＞20-40 cm 土层小杆线虫属和拟丽突线虫属的相对丰度.此外,CP2处理显著降低了传统栽培田0～20 cm 土层线虫的PPI/MI(植物寄生线虫成熟度指数与自由生活线虫成熟度指数之比),显著提高了土壤线虫的多样性指数、均匀度指数、瓦斯乐思卡指数和自由生活线虫成熟度指数.综上,从土壤线虫方面分析,42％威百亩水剂的综合施用效果要好于10％噻唑膦颗粒剂+6％寡糖·噻唑膦水乳剂.在本试验条件下,这两种杀线虫剂处理均不致对土壤生态环境造成不良影响,适宜在山药上推广使用.
Effects of two nematicide treatments on soil nematode community and soil properties in Chi-nese yam field
To investigate the effect of 10％fosthizate granule(GR)+6％oligosaccharide·fosthiazate emulsion in water(EW)(CP1 for short)and 42％metam-sodium aqueous solutions(AS)(CP2 for short)on the soil ecologi-cal environment in Chinese yam field,nematode classification methods and conventional soil analysis methods were a-dopted to study the effect of the above treatments on soil nematode community and soil properties in the Chinese yam field cultivated by directional shallow trough method(DS)and traditional method(TR),respectively.The result showed that,compared with the blank control(CK),these two treatments did not significantly impact the soil mois-ture content,pH value,organic matter content,yet significantly(P＜0.05)increased the available potassium con-tent in the 0-20 cm layer of the soil cultivated by DS and reduced the available potassium content in the＞20-40 cm layer of the soil cultivated by TR.Compared with the CK,CP1 treatment had no significant impact on the propor-tion of bacterivores and herbivores.However,it significantly reduced the relative abundance of Pratylenchus,which was harmful for the Chinese yam production,and increased the relative abundance of Rhabditis and Acrobeloides,which were beneficial for the Chinese yam production in the 0-20,＞20-40 cm layer of the soil cultivated by TR.CP2 treatment not only significantly reduced the relative abundance of Pratylenchus in the 0-20 cm layer of the soil cultivated by DS and the 0-20,＞20-40 cm layer of the soil cultivated by TR,but also significantly increased the relative abundance of Rhabditis and Acrobeloides in the 0-20,＞20-40 cm layer of the soil cultivated by TR than those of the CK.Besides,CP2 treatment significantly reduced the value of PPI/MI(ratio of plant parasite index to maturity index)in the 0-20 cm layer of the soil cultivated by TR,yet increased the Shannon diversity index,Pielou evenness index,Wasilewsha index and nematode maturity index.In summary,the comprehensive application effect of 42％metam-sodium AS was better than that of 10％fosthizate GR+6％oligosaccharide·fosthiazate EW for the perspective of soil nematode.Under the present experiment conditions,the two treatments would not cause adverse effects on the soil ecological environment,which are suitable for promotion in Chinese yam field.
Chinese yamsoil nematodesoil physiochemical propertiesnematicidecultivation method
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
