食品加工过程中的美拉德反应有助于形成一些热诱导毒性产物,包括晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)和 5-羟甲基糠醛(5-hydroxymethylfurfural,5-HMF).食源性 AGEs 在体内的积累和循环与糖尿病并发症的发生有关,同时可能诱发氧化应激、炎症和动脉粥样硬化.5-HMF的代谢物5-磺基氧甲基糠醛(5-sulfooxymethylfurfural,5-SMF)有潜在基因毒性和致癌性.如何控制热加工食品中这些危害物的形成已成为食品行业的关注焦点.本文从美拉德反应和焦糖化反应两条途径探究了 AGEs和5-HMF的形成机理,并对近5年二者的检测方法进行了综述,阐述了各类方法的优缺点,以期为建立二者的通用检测方法奠定基础.在此基础上,从削减前体物质的供给、阻断中间体的转化,以及去除已经生成的AGEs和5-HMF这3个方面着手,综述了近年来相应所采用的抑制策略,以期为AGEs和5-HMF在食品中的控制及热加工食品质量与安全管理提供理论依据.
Formation,detection and control of advanced glycation end products and 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural in heated foods
The Maillard reaction during food processing contributes to the formation of a number of heat-induced toxi-cants,including advanced glycation end products(AGEs)and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF),which are associ-ated with a variety of health risks.Accumulation and circulation of food-derived AGEs in the body are associated with the development of diabetic complications,meanwhile it could induce oxidative stress,inflammation,and atheroscle-rosis.The metabolite of 5-HMF,5-sulfooxymethylfurfural(5-SMF),is potentially genotoxic and carcinogenic.Therefore,how to control the formation of these hazards in thermally processed foods has become a focus of attention in the food industry.In the present study,the formation mechanisms of AGEs and 5-HMF were reviewed in view of the two pathways of Maillard reaction and caramelization,and their detection methods in the last five years were sum-marized as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each method,to lay the foundation for the establishment of the universal detection method for the AGEs and 5-HMF.On the above basis,the inhibition strategies adopted in recent years were reviewed from three aspects of cutting down the supplies of precursors,blocking the transformation of in-termediates,and removing the generated AGEs and 5-HMF,to provide theoretical basis for the control of AGEs and 5-HMF in food to safeguard the quality of heated foods.
advanced glycation end products(AGEs)5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF)formation pathwayde-tection methodcontrol measure
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