摘要
目的 了解砂型铸造企业的主要职业病危害现状,为职业病危害防控提供依据.方法 于2021-2022年选择浙江省温岭市6家采用砂型铸造工艺的典型黑色金属铸造企业,调查生产工艺和设备、职业病防护设施运行情况和个人防护用品使用情况等,检测硅尘、噪声、高温和紫外辐射等职业病危害因素,分析职业病危害现状.结果 6家砂型铸造企业职业病防护设备未有效设置和使用,部分员工未按要求佩戴个人防护用品,职业健康检查参检率为100.00%.混砂、造型、落砂、抛丸和打泥芯岗位54个硅尘采样点的总粉尘浓度超标率为100.00%,呼吸性粉尘超标率为44.44%.混砂、落砂、抛丸、打泥芯、打磨和吹割岗位55个噪声测量点中51个超标,超标率为92.73%.熔炼、刷涂料、打磨、吹割和电焊岗位90个采样点中,电焊烟尘、锰及其化合物和乙酸乙酯等均未超标.电焊岗位6个紫外辐射测量点和熔炼岗位6个高温测量点无超标.结论 温岭市砂型铸造企业主要职业病危害为硅尘和噪声,需进一步加强职业病防治工作.
Abstract
Objective To investigate the main occupational hazards of sand casting process enterprises,so as to provide insights into occupational disease prevention and control.Methods In 2021 and 2022,six typical ferrous metal casting enterprises using sand casting technology in Wenling City,Zhejiang Province were selected to investigate the production processes and equipment,the operation of occupational disease prevention facilities and personal protective equipment.Occupational hazards including silica dust,noise,high temperature and ultraviolet radiation were detected and analyzed.Results Six sand casting enterprises had not effectively set up and use occupational disease prevention equipment,and some employees had not worn personal protective equipment as required.The participation rate of occupational health examination was 100.00%.Among the 54 silica dust sampling points at the sand mixing,molding,sand falling,shot blasting and mud core drilling positions,the overall dust concentration exceeding the standard rate was 100.00%,and the respiratory dust exceeding the standard rate was 44.44%.Among the 55 noise measurement points at the sand mix-ing,sand falling,shot blasting,mud core drilling,polishing and blowing positions,51 exceeded the standard,with a rate of 92.73%.Among the 90 sampling points for melting,painting,polishing,blowing and welding positions,the con-centrations of welding fumes,manganese and its compounds,ethyl acetate and other cahmical factors did not exceed the standard.Six ultraviolet radiation measurement points in the welding position and six heat stress measurement points in the melting position did not exceed the standard.Conclusion The main occupational hazards of sand casting process enterprises in Wenling City are silica dust and noise,and occupational disease prevention and control should be further strengthened.
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