摘要
目的 了解北京市房山区居民糖尿病患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率,为加强糖尿病防控提供参考.方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,于2023年3-6月抽取房山区18～79岁常住居民为调查对象,通过问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测收集人口学信息、生活方式、体质指数、空腹血糖和血脂等资料,分析糖尿病患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率,并采用多因素logistic回归模型分析其影响因素.结果 调查4 438人,其中男性2 367人,占53.33%;女性2 071人,占46.67%.年龄为(44.99±14.90)岁.糖尿病患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为15.75%、57.37%、56.22%和22.90%.多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(30～<40岁,OR=1.624,95%CI:1.011～2.609;40～<50岁,OR=3.469,95%CI:2.163～5.561;50～<60岁,OR=4.202,95%CI:2.595～6.803;60～<70岁,OR=7.229,95%CI:4.406～11.862;70～79岁,OR=7.929,95%CI:4.665～13.479)、肥胖(OR=1.368,95%CI:1.071～1.748)、高血压(OR=1.943,95%CI:1.601～2.359)和血脂异常(OR=2.754,95%CI:2.287～3.317)是糖尿病患病的影响因素;性别(女,OR=1.529,95%CI:1.019～2.293)、年龄(40～<50岁,OR=4.971,95%CI:1.681～14.698;50～<60岁,OR=6.070,95%CI:2.045～18.020;60～<70岁,OR=6.902,95%CI:2.287～20.832;70～79岁,OR=6.954,95%CI:2.191～22.070)和高血压(OR=1.906,95%CI:1.337～2.718)是糖尿病知晓的影响因素;年龄(40～<50岁,OR=4.699,95%CI:1.594～13.855;50～<60岁,OR=5.990,95%CI:2.023～17.732;60～<70岁,OR=7.134,95%CI:2.370～21.470;70～79岁,OR=6.639,95%CI:2.102～20.964)和高血压(OR=1.857,95%CI:1.304～2.645)是糖尿病治疗的影响因素;年龄(40～<50岁,OR=2.948,95%CI:1.349～6.438;60～<70岁,OR=2.344,95%CI:1.049～5.234)是糖尿病控制的影响因素.结论 房山区居民糖尿病患病率较高,知晓率、治疗率和控制率改善不明显,对高龄、肥胖、高血压和血脂异常居民应加强糖尿病健康教育和管理.
Abstract
Objective To investigate the prevalence,awareness,treatment and control rates of diabetes among residents in Fangshan District,Bejing Municipality,so as to provide reference for strengthening the prevention and control of dia-betes.Methods The residents aged 18 to 79 years were selected in Fangshan District using multistage stratified clus-ter sampling method from March to June 2023.Demographic information,lifestyle,body mass index,fasting blood glu-cose,and blood lipid were collected through questionnaire surveys,physical examinations and laboratory tests.The preva-lence,awareness,treatment and control rates of diabetes among residents were analyzed and their influencing factors were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.Results A total of 4 438 residents were enrolled,includ-ing 2 367 males(53.33%)and 2 071 females(46.67%),and had a mean age of(44.99±14.90)years.The prevalence,awareness,treatment and control rates of diabetes were 15.75%,57.37%,56.22%and 22.90%,respectively.Multivari-able logistic regression analysis showed that age(aged 30 to 39 years,OR=1.624,95%CI:1.011-2.609;aged 40 to 49 years,OR=3.469,95%CI:2.163-5.561;aged 50 to 59 years,OR=4.202,95%CI:2.595-6.803;aged 60 to 69 years,OR=7.229,95%CI:4.406-11.862;aged 70 to 79 years,OR=7.929,95%CI:4.665-13.479),obesity(OR=1.368,95%CI:1.071-1.748),hypertension(OR=1.943,95%CI:1.601-2.359)and dyslipidemia(OR=2.754,95%CI:2.287-3.317)were the factors affecting the prevalence of diabetes.Sex(women,OR=1.529,95%CI:1.019-2.293),age(aged 40 to 49 years,OR=4.971,95%CI:1.681-14.698;aged 50 to 59 years,OR=6.070,95%CI:2.045-18.020;aged 60 to 69 years,OR=6.902,95%CI:2.287-20.832;aged 70 to 79 years,OR=6.954,95%CI:2.191-22.070)and hypertension(OR=1.906,95%CI:1.337-2.718)were the factors affecting the awareness of diabetes.Age(aged 40 to 49 years,OR=4.699,95%CI:1.594-13.855;aged 50 to 59 years,OR=5.990,95%CI:2.023-17.732;aged 60 to 69 years,OR=7.134,95%CI:2.370-21.470;aged 70 to 79 years,OR=6.639,95%CI:2.102-20.964)and hypertension(OR=1.857,95%CI:1.304-2.645)were the factors affecting the treatment of diabetes.Age(aged 40 to 49 years,OR=2.948,95%CI:1.349-6.438;aged 60 to 69 years,OR=2.344,95%CI:1.049-5.234)was the factor affecting the control of diabetes.Conclusions The prevalence rate of diabetes among residents in Fangshan District was high,and the improvements of awareness rate,treatment rate and control rate were not obvious.Health education and management of diabetes should be strength-ened for elderly,hypertensive and dyslipidemic residents.
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