摘要
目的 了解北京市某区制造业工人抑郁、焦虑症状检出情况及影响因素,为该行业工人抑郁、焦虑的预防及干预提供依据.方法 采用分层随机抽样方法抽取北京市某区大、中、小微型15家制造业的一线工人为调查对象,采用《全国重点人群职业健康素养监测调查个人问卷》调查人口学信息和职业信息;采用《9项患者健康问卷》和广泛性焦虑量表分别评估抑郁、焦虑症状;采用多因素logistic回归模型分析抑郁、焦虑症状的影响因素.结果 发放问卷759份,回收有效问卷748份,问卷有效率为98.55%.调查大型企业3家372人,占49.73%;中型企业3家167人,占22.33%;小微型企业9家209人,占27.94%.男性584人,占78.07%.年龄M(QR)为39.00(11.00)岁.工龄M(QR)为8.50(11.00)年.检出抑郁、焦虑症状分别175和68人,检出率分别为23.40%和9.09%.多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,文化程度(初中,OR=0.305,95%CI:0.129～0.723)、周均工作时间(≥55 h,OR=1.727,95%CI:1.026～2.906)和睡眠障碍(OR=3.062,95%CI:2.127～4.407)是工人抑郁症状的影响因素;文化程度(初中,OR=0.196,95%CI:0.074～0.523;高中/职高/中专,OR=0.171,95%CI:0.064～0.452;大专及以上,OR=0.187,95%CI:0.066～0.527)、工作班制(上夜班,OR=2.369,95%CI:1.344～4.177)和睡眠障碍(OR=5.411,95%CI:3.076～9.519)是工人焦虑症状的影响因素.结论 制造业工人抑郁、焦虑症状主要受到文化程度、周均工作时间、工作班制和睡眠障碍的影响.
Abstract
Objective To investigate the symptoms of depression and anxiety and their influencing factors among manu-facturing workers in a district of Beijing Municipality,so as to provide insights into prevention and intervention of de-pression and anxiety among workers in this industry.Methods Frontline workers from 15 manufacturing enterprises in-cluding large,medium,and small/micro sizes were selected using the stratified random sampling method.Demographic and occupational information were investigated using the Chinese National Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring Ques-tionnaire among Key Populations.The symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale,respectively.The influencing factors for depression and anxi-ety symptoms were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model.Results A total of 759 questionnaires were allocated and 748 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective recovery rate of 98.55%.The respondents in-cluded 372 people(49.73%)from 3 large enterprises,167 people(22.33%)from 3 medium enterprises,and 209 people(27.94%)from 9 small/micro enterprises.There were 584 males,accounting for 78.07%.The median age was 39(inter-quartile range,11.00)years,and the median duration of employment was 8.50(interquartile range,11.00)years.Depres-sion and anxiety symptoms were detected in 175 and 68 cases,with the detection rates were 23.40%and 9.09%,re-spectively.Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the educational level(junior high school,OR=0.305,95%CI:0.129-0.723),weekly working duration(≥55 h,OR=1.727,95%CI:1.026-2.906)and sleep disorders(OR=3.062,95%CI:2.127-4.407)were influencing factors for depression symptoms;educational level(junior high school,OR=0.196,95%CI:0.074-0.523;high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school,OR=0.171,95%CI:0.064-0.452;ju-nior college and above,OR=0.187,95%CI:0.066-0.527),work shift(night shift,OR=2.369,95%CI:1.344-4.177)and sleep disorders(OR=5.411,95%CI:3.076-9.519)were influencing factors for anxiety symptoms.Conclusion The symp-toms of depression and anxiety among manufacturing workers are mainly affected by educational level,weekly working duration,work shift and sleep disorders.
维普
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