Poetic Thoughts in Leisure:Resolving Anxiety and Self-image Writing of UnrecognizedScholars
Ancient Chinese scholars continuously explored ways to adapt to and resolve the anxiety of not re-ceiving official positions.Ji Kang advocated the pursuit of a carefree life and the ideal of"leisurely dwelling",af-firming the value of leisure while negating official appointments.Bai Juyi,during his later years in Luoyang,pro-posed the concept of"middle seclusion",seeking a state of"leisurely comfort"and suspending judgment on the value of leisure versus official appointments.This effectively placed leisure and official appointments on equal foot-ing.Shao Yong,after giving up the imperial examination,relocated to Luoyang and emphasized the value of a peaceful and happy life,reconstructing the significance of leisure and contrasting it with official appointments through moral practice.They all endeavored to establish the value of daily life during periods of leisure,striving to resolve the anxiety of not receiving official positions and achieve spiritual transcendence in the present world.They transformed the contrasting and displaced models of scholars not receiving official positions,as depicted in Qu Yuan's comparison of phoenix and ordinary birds to write about the adaptation and life ideals of scholars facing such anxiety and their self-image.Ji Kang used the metaphor of breaking free from snares and soaring beyond the mundane as a representation of his self-image.Bai Juyi replaced the contrasting and displaced positions of the phoe-nix and ordinary birds with the contrasting and interchanging positions of the phoenix and fish,using the"hidden fish"as a metaphor for his self-image.Shao Yong,in expressing his ontology and personality theory,employed the contrasting and displaced positions of the phoenix and ordinary birds.The construction of his self-image was prima-rily achieved through observation and recognition of the relationship between objects and the self.
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