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企业数据保护反不正当竞争法路径的展开

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企业数据保护的初衷并非仅是明确数据权属,而是以保护促进数据流动和利用.但赋权路径碍于企业数据特性,不仅面临确权理论困境,还易导致数据权利交叉,阻碍数据要素潜能的释放,造成司法实践的混乱以及侵权案件的频发.行为规制路径因缺乏明确且具有针对性的规则而未获得充分肯定."泛一般条款"理论范式下企业数据反不正当竞争法保护路径,囿于立法规则供给侧的不足和理论研究争议,出现裁判口径不一致的尴尬窘境,从而消极、被动、间接地造成该类不正当竞争案件的高发案率.鉴于此,构建"网络数据专条"来消解当前司法实践中存在的裁判依据多元且向一般条款逃逸的困境,可以实现企业数据保护及流通与利用的平衡."网络数据专条"的具体设计,应明确企业数据范围、清晰界定企业数据保护的限度并细分数据不正当竞争行为类型.通过将企业数据利益视为权益进行保护,既有利于避免反公地悲剧现象,也有助于数据价值的充分挖掘.
Implementation of the Law against Unfair Competition for Enterprise Data Protection
The primary intention of enterprise data protection is not solely to clarify data ownership,but also to promote data flow and utilization through such protection.However,due to the unique characteristics of enterprise data,the empowerment approach not only encounters theoretical dilemmas of property rights confirmation,but also is prone to lead to overlapping data rights,hindering the unleashing of data element potential,causing confusion in judicial practice and resulting in frequent legal disputes.The behavioral regulation approach is not fully recognized due to the lack of clear and targeted rules.The implementation of the Law against Unfair Competition for enterprise data,under the theoretical paradigm of"general provisions",is constrained by inadequacies in legislative rules and controversies in theoretical research,leading to inconsistent adjudication standards and thus passively contributing to the high incidence of unfair competition cases.In view of this,constructing a"special provision for network da-ta"to resolve the current judicial practice of diverse adjudication bases and the dilemma of resorting to general pro-visions can achieve a balance between enterprise data protection and data circulation and utilization.The specific design of the"special provision for network data"should clarify the scope of enterprise data,clearly define the limits of enterprise data protection,and categorize types of unfair competition involving data.By protecting the in-terests of enterprise data,it will not only help to avoid the tragedy of the anti-commons but also facilitate the full ex-ploration of data value.

enterprise datathe Law against Unfair Competitiongeneral provisionsspecial provision for network data

王永强、邓淑元

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中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉 430030

企业数据 反不正当竞争法 一般条款 网络数据专条

2024

中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版)
中南民族大学

中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版)

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.696
ISSN:1672-433X
年,卷(期):2024.44(8)
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