Extraction optimization and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Acorus calamus
Objective To optimize the extraction of Acorus calamus by single factor experiment and response surface method,followed by model diagnosis and process verification,and to determine the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of ethanol and water extracts from Acorus calamus.Methods The response surface method was used with Design-Expert 12 software to optimize the extraction,followed by model diagnosis and process verification.The antibacterial effect was evaluated through plate diffusion and double dilution methods.Antioxidant capacity was assessed with DPPH assay,superoxide anion assay,and total reducing power assay.Results The optimal extraction conditions of ethanol extract of Acorus calamus included ethanol concentration 55.53％,solid-liquid ratio 1∶40.04(g/mL),and extraction for 58.39 min(adjusted to 60 min).The ethanolic extract of Acorus calamus exhibited obvious antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus,Microsporum gypseum,and Trichophyton rubrum.In contrast,the aqueous extract only showed good antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus.The IC50 values of the ethanol extract and water extract of Acorus calamus were 0.25,2.72,0.30 mg·mL-1 and 0.32,2.77,0.33 mg·mL-1 for DPPH·,superoxide anion,and total reducing power,respectively,indicating good antioxidant activity.Conclusion The optimization proves to be effective and feasible.The alcohol extract of Acorus calamus exhibits notable antibacterial properties and demonstrates strong antioxidant activity.This study lays a solid theoretical foundation for the development and utilization of Acorus calamus resources.
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