摘要
目的 明确新产与陈储五味子中挥发性成分的差异.方法 应用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析 3 个不同产地的新产、陈储五味子中挥发性成分,结合标准谱图库检索对其挥发性成分进行鉴定,并结合层次聚类分析(HCA),应用主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)筛选新、陈五味子中的挥发性差异代谢物.结果 检测到五味子中挥发性成分共计 165 个,鉴定出 81 种挥发性成分,包括倍半萜类、单萜类、脂肪烃类、芳香醚类、脂肪酮类、脂肪酸类、酯类、脂肪醛类以及芳香醛类.新产与陈储五味子中共筛选出22个差异代谢物,鉴定了18个差异代谢物的结构,其中单萜类成分 13 个,脂肪醛、烷烃、脂肪酸、芳香醛、芳香醚类成分各 1 个;18 个差异成分在新产五味子中含量较高,乙酸、3-糠醛、壬醛及十二烷 4 个差异成分在陈储五味子中含量显著升高.通过 22 个挥发性差异成分能够区分各产地新、陈五味子样品.结论 本研究全面地分析了五味子中的挥发性成分,明确了五味子贮藏后挥发性成分的变化,可为基于挥发性成分的五味子质量评价及有效成分研究提供依据.
Abstract
Objective To clarify the difference of volatile components between newly produced and stored Schisandra chinensis.Methods Head space-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS)was used to determine the volatile components in newly produced and stored Schisandra chinensis from three origins,and the volatile components were identified by matching the mass spectra with the standard spectra database.The differential metabolites between newly produced and stored Schisandra chinensis were screened by hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA),principal component analysis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA).Results Totally 165 volatile components were detected in Schisandra chinensis,and 81 volatile components were identified,including sesquiterpenoids,monoterpenoids,aliphatic hydrocarbons,aromatic ethers,aliphatic ketones,fatty acids,esters,aliphatic aldehydes and aromatic aldehydes.Totally 22 differential metabolites between newly produced and stored Schisandra chinensis were screened out.The structure of 18 differential metabolites,including 13 monoterpenoids,1 aliphatic aldehyde,1 alkane,1 fatty acid,1 aromatic aldehyde and 1 aromatic ether,were identified.While 18 out of the 22 differential metabolites had a high content in newly produced Schisandra chinensis,the other 4 differential metabolites(acetic acid,3-furfural,nonanal and dodecane),had a high content in stored Schisandra chinensis.Newly produced and stored Schisandra chinensis were differentiated through the 22 metabolites.Conclusion The volatile components of Schisandra chinensis are clarified the changes in volatile components after the storage,providing useful information for the quality evaluation and active ingredient research of Schisandra chinensis.
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