Antitumor mechanisms and application prospects of sanguinarine in cancer treatment
With the continuous rise in cancer incidence,the development of novel anticancer agents has emerged as a pivotal direction in scientific research.Sanguinarine,a natural alkaloid derived from traditional medicinal plants such as Chelidonium majus L.,Macleaya cordata(Willd.)R.Br,Eomecon chionantha Hance,and the North American herb Sanguinaria canadensis L.,has attracted much attention due to its significant anticancer activity.This paper reviewed the research progress of sanguinarine in cancer treatment,and focused on its mechanisms in inhibiting tumor proliferation,invasion,and metastasis,as well as in promoting tumor cell apoptosis.Studies have demonstrated that sanguinarine exerts its tumoricidal effects by targeting multiple signaling pathways and molecules,including Bcl-2,MAPKs,Akt,NF-KB,ROS,and microRNAs.Additionally,this article summarized the research on sanguinarine against various cancers,such as breast cancer,lung cancer,liver cancer,and colorectal cancer.Consequently,developing new drug delivery strategies to enhance the clinical application potential of sanguinarine becomes an important research topic.Future studies should better understand the anticancer mechanisms of sanguinarine and validate its therapeutic efficacy and safety through preclinical studies and early clinical trials,to pave new pathways for cancer treatment.
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