Historical evolution and theory of"boiling first"and"removing foam"for Ephedrae Herba
Objective To discuss the historical evolution and the theory of"boiling first"and"removing foam"for Ephedrae Herba.Methods Materia medica and formulas containing Ephedrae Herba in ancient literature were retrieved,and the materia medica works database of Ephedrae Herba and the database of oral decoction containing Ephedrae Herba were constructed.Combined with modern literature,the requirements and understanding of ancient and modem physicians on Ephedrae Herba"boiling first"and"removing foam"were explored.Results In ancient literature,the decoction requirements and the degree of decoction of ephedra varied in different dynasties,different Materia medica works,different formulas and prescriptions.From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty,the proportion of Ephedrae Herba required"boiling first"and"removing foam"decreased sharply.From the Tang Dynasty to the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties,the proportion decreased slightly.From the Jin and Yuan Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties,there was little change.In the Han and Jin Dynasties,58.33％and 55.56％of the decoctions containing Ephedrae Herba required"boiling first"and"removing foam"respectively,20.87％and 20.08％in the Tang Dynasty,and only 12.50％and 12.50％in the Qing Dynasty.When the daily dose of Ephedrae Herba was 2.01～10.00 g,only 8.41％and 5.61％were required"boiling first"and"removing foam",while the proportion was more than 50.0％when the daily dose was more than 60 g.The results of correlation analysis also showed that there was a weak positive correlation between the daily dose of Ephedrae Herba and"boiling first"and"removing foam",the correlation coefficient r1=0.259,r2=0.263(P＜0.001).Conclusion Since the Han and Tang Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties and even in modem times,there are records of Ephedrae Herba's"boiling first"and"removing foam",but no unified understanding has been formed.Most modem doctors no longer follow the special decoction methods of"boiling first"and"removing foam".In clinical medication,the decoction method can be selected according to their own diagnosis and treatment experience and the amount of Ephedrae Herba.
Ephedrae Herbaboiling firstremoving foamhistorical evolutionancient and modem literaturedosage of Ephedrae Herba
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