The Paradigm of Ethical Governance of Artificial Intelligence:From Value Alignment to Value Symbiosis
The current dominant paradigm in the ethical governance of artificial intelligence is Value Alignment,which aims to ensure that machine values are consistent with human values.The Value Alignment paradigm has mainly adopted representationalist and behaviourist AI approaches,but these approaches are difficult to accurately capture and encode complex human values because of the challenge of the commonsense knowledge problem.In order to solve this problem,technological solutions based on embodied-enactive AI need to be introduced to grasp the relevance in the world and autonomously generate values from the bottom up.However,if such autonomously generated machine values are hostile to humans,it may pose an existential risk to humans.Given this,this paper proposes an alternative paradigm of Value Symbiosis,which aims to achieve a harmonious symbiosis between machine and human values.It consists of two AI design principles:mutual benefit in survival interests and mutual recognition in values.
Human-machine alignmentExistential riskEmbodied-enactive AlMutual recognitionThe commonsense knowledge problem
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