The Traditional Craftsmanship of the Laminated Steel Sword
This article summarizes relevant literature and archaeological discoveries related to the technique of laminated steel,along with the metallurgical characteristics of laminated steel prod-ucts and solder in pre-modern China.The authors conclude that the laminated steel technique origi-nated in the Han-Wei period,and that the solder used for the forge welding was either yellow mud or old clay.Through an investigation and analysis of Husa(户撒)blades from the Achang(阿昌)eth-nic group,the authors focus on the difficulties in interface bonding and the soldering mechanisms and properties.Their microstructures show that the two sides of the Husa blade were ferrite and pearlite,and the middle layer was tempered martensite.Furthermore,the interfaces between these layers a-chieve metallurgical bonding,and the self-tempering process reduces the tendency for cracking at the interfaces after quenching.Energy spectrum analysis of the inclusions showed that the sandy clay solder with SiO2 components reacts with the iron oxide on the surface and produces liquid silicate with a low melting point,which played the role of slag making.Results show an average hardness of 800 HV at the core and 350 HV at both sides,indicating that the laminated steel Husa blades achieved the desired performance of strength and toughness.
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