An Overview of the Southern Song Dynasty's Mountain Fortified City Sites in Sichuan——Structural Type,Characteristic Value,Protection and Utilization
The Southern Song Dynasty's mountain fortified city sites in Sichuan are remnants of a military fortified city system constructed amidst the tumult of the Song-Yuan wars.Centered around Chongqing city,where the Zhisi(governing offices)resided,this mountain fortified city system featured a hierarchical structure with Fusi-level(military administrative level)fortified cities as pivotal nodes,and Fu-Zhou-level(prefecture-level)fortified cities as the foundation layer,forming a tight pyramidal configuration.All newly built mountain fortified cities were strategically located on formidable terrain to establish an integrated military-administrative framework,connecting cities and fortifications through a network defined by mountain strongholds and riverine arteries.This system was anchored in Kuizhou Road where Zhisi was located,with Tongchuan Prefecture Road in Sichuan's hinterland as its periphery,focusing on Chengdu Prefecture Road(where Zhisi was originally situated)for key operations,envisioning Xingyuan Prefecture Road as liberation.The'Outer Water'being the main route,is a critical path for Mongol Yuan's southward expansion,served as the system's frontline of defense.This mountain fortified city system in Sichuan was instrumental in the Southern Song Dynasty's protracted,40-year resistance against the powerful Mongol Yuan army.Post the Song-Yuan wars,these mountain fortified cities were forsaken and gradually became ruins.Their remote,rugged settings have contributed to a relatively well-preserved condition,endowing them with historical,commemorative,and tourism values as important cultural heritage sites.The challenge of preserving the integrity of the system,while maintaining its structural completeness and the authenticity of its elements are critical issues to consider for future preservation and utilization strategies for the Southern Song Dynasty's mountain fortified city sites in Sichuan.
Southern Song DynastySichuan and Chongqingmountain fortified city sitesSong-Yuan wars
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