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明十三陵遗址生长树木受力及破坏分析

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作为世界遗产、第一批全国重点文物保护单位和风景名胜区的明十三陵具有极高的突出普遍价值和文物、文化价值,其核心遗存13座帝陵中有12座存在文物本体上生长树木的情况,造成方城、宝城砖石墙体的多种残损和持续增长的、不定性的安全威胁.为解决文物保护与古树名木保护之间的矛盾,工作组在现场检测和详细调研的基础上,建立了树木和文物关系的简化模型,分析树木在自重、风荷载、雪荷载之下破坏文物本体的机理,并归纳为6种类型,最终通过边界条件,为后续如何处理树木提供了重要的依据.
Analysis of the Stress and Damage of Trees in the Ming Tombs
As a world heritage site and one of the first listed National Cultural Relics Units and scenic areas,the Ming Tombs possess significant outstanding universal value and cultural value.Out of the 13 imperial tombs,which are the key heritage elements,12 are faced with the problem of trees growing within the relics walls.This has resulted in various forms of damage to the brick and stone walls,along with ongoing and unpredictable security threats.To address the conflict between cultural heritage conservation and ancient tree conservation,the team conducted in-situ testing and detailed investigation,establishing a simplified model of the relationship between trees and cultural relics.The team then analyzed the damage mechanism caused by self-weight,wind load and snow load,summarizing them into six categories.Finally,this paper provides an important basis for managing the trees through boundary conditions.

the Ming Tombsmodelstress analysis of treesdamage

吕宁、安程、马田

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清源(北京)文化遗产保护发展中心有限公司,北京 100192

中国文化遗产研究院,北京 100029

明十三陵管理中心,北京 102299

明十三陵遗址 模型 树木受力分析 破坏

2024

自然与文化遗产研究
北京卓众出版有限公司

自然与文化遗产研究

ISSN:2096-689X
年,卷(期):2024.9(5)