Research has found that animal venom contains various active proteins and peptides,which have broad-spectrum antibacterial,antiviral,anticancer,immune regulatory and other functions.Currently,research on snake,bee,scorpion,ant,and centipede venom is relatively extensive,and the active substances secreted in their venom are expected to become a source of antibacterial drugs.Phospholipase A2 and L-amino acid oxidase in snake venom are active substances that play the main antibacterial role.Alkaline phospholipase A2 can kill Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis.L-amino acid oxidase produces hydrogen peroxide under the action of oxygen,which has antibacterial activity against Pasteurella,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,and Enterococcus faecalis.The main components of bee venom include melittin,phospholipase A2,and bee venom peptide.Among them,bee venom peptide and bee venom peptide have significant antibacterial effects,and have antibacterial activity against Streptococcus salivarius,Escherichia coli,and Salmonella.Bee venom peptide has antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).Scorpion venom,as one of the sources of bioactive peptides,is divided into disulfide bridged peptides(DBPs)and non disulfide bridged peptides(NDBPs).Most NDBPs have good antibacterial effects,but some non disulfide bridged peptides have toxic effects on eukaryotic cells.Ant venom is rich in bioactive proteins and other volatile and non-volatile compounds.Some ant venom peptides exhibit certain antibacterial activity against various Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.The antibacterial peptides isolated from centipede venom mainly include Scolopin Ⅰ,Scolopin Ⅱ,and Scolopendrin 1.Scolopin Ⅰand Scolopin Ⅱ have inhibitory effects on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant strains.In the current global situation of increasingly serious bacterial resistance issues,animal venom as a potential raw material provides a new approach for the development of antibacterial drugs.However,due to the toxicity,stability and other issues of animal venom,it cannot be directly used as a drug and needs to be improved through modification,recombination and other means,and most research is still in the experimental stage.This article reviews the antibacterial activity of venom from snakes,bees,ants,scorpions,and centipedes,aiming to provide reference for the development of new,effective,stable,and low toxicity antibacterial drugs.
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