Entomopathogenic nematodes(EPNs),which are obligate parasitic nematodes that infect a wide range of insects,are a valuable resource for biocontrol.During the process of infecting a host in-sect,the Steinernema-Xenorhabdus symbionts releases various pathogenic factors to complete their life cycle.In this paper,the pathogenic strategies employed by Steinernema spp.and Xenorhabdus spp.were reviewed.This includes utilizing phenylethylamides as immunosuppressive factors to facilitate col-onization,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)as an endotoxin to cause host blood cell lysis,Tc proteins as exotox-ins to kill host insects,and the production of special metabolites(e.g.fabclavine,PAX peptides,and oth-er antibiotics)that have bacteriostatic and apoptosis-inducing activities.Additionally,some epidermal/secretory proteins can inhibit the host's immune system,work together with the symbiotic bacteria to kill the host,and cause a series of changes in the host insect's physiology and metabolism.Therefore,this review of the biochemical metabolism caused by Steinernema-Xenorhabdus symbionts can serve as both a theoretical guide for exploring the septicemia mechanism of EPN infestations and as evidence to support the creation of novel,environmentally friendly insecticides.
维普
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