Effects of different administration time of ginger on thermogenesis in normal experimental mice
Objective This study uses ginger as a tool drug to investigate the effects of different administration times on the thermogenesis in normal mice.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control group in the morning(MC),ginger gavage group in the morning(MG),normal control group in the evening(EC),and ginger gavage group in the evening(EG),and were given ginger water extract or normal saline in the morning or evening respectively for two weeks.The body weight and body temperature of mice were measured,and the cold exposure test was used to test the cold tolerance of mice.The mice were sacrificed at one hour after the last administration of ginger in the morning or evening,and the fat organ index was calculated.The pathological changes of adipose tissue were observed by HE staining.Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression of mitochondrial brown fat uncoupling protein 1(Ucp1)and clock genes(Bmal1,Per2)in brown adipose tissue and subcutaneous white adipose tissue(iWAT)of the groin.Results There were no significant differences in body weight,body temperature,cold resistance,fat morphology and thermogenic genes between MC and MG group.Compared with EC group,the mice in EG group showed a trend of weight loss,a continuous increase in body temperature(P＜0.05),a significant increase in cold resistance(P＜0.05),a significant reduction in the morphology of adipocytes,and a significant increase in the expression of thermogenic gene(Ucp1)in adipocytes(P＜0.05).However,it had no effect on the expression of core clock genes(Bmal1,Per2)in adipose tissue.Compared with MC group,the MG group showed an increasing trend in body weight.It had no effect on basal body temperature,cold resistance,adipose tissue morphology and expression of thermogenic gene(Ucp1),but significantly affected the expression of Bmall,and Per2 in adipose tissue(P＜0.05).Conclusion This study demonstrates for the first time that ginger administration at different times,in the morning or evening,has differential effects on thermogenesis in mice,and ginger administration in the evening can significantly enhance thermogenesis in mice.The mechanism may be related to the effect of ginger on the expression of circadian clock genes and the promotion of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and the browning of white adipose tissue.
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