Application of patient-derived xenografts model in rare cancers
With the prevalence of early diagnosis and treatment,targeted drugs and immunotherapy,the 5-year survival rate of most common cancers has improved more significantly.Compared with common cancers,rare cancers have long lacked sufficient attention due to their lower incidence.However,based on the large population,the incidence number of rare cancers is still not negligible,but the lack of effective treatments makes the prognosis of patients with rare cancers poor.One of the difficulties in the research of rare cancers is the dispersed cancer population and small sample size,which makes it difficult to conduct relevant clinical studies.Patient-derived xenograft models,on the other hand,can effectively preserve patient samples and highly mimic primary tumors,making them a favorable tool for studying rare cancers.In this paper,we review the concept of rare cancers and the progress of the application of patient-derived xenograft models in different categories of rare cancers,such as adenoid cystic carcinoma,cholangiocarcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal,malignant mesothelioma,rare gynecological cancers,testicular cancer,melanoma,malignant embryonal tumors,chordoma,gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms,adrenocortical carcinoma,glioblastoma,and hematologic malignancy,with the aim of providing an opportunity to explore the pathogenesis of rare cancers and to develop more promising and effective models for the study of rare cancers.We hope to provide reference for exploring the pathogenesis of rare cancers and developing more promising anti-rare cancer drugs.
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