Genetic Diversity Study of Peanut Germplsam Resources on Phenotypic Traits in High Latitude
In order to understand genetic diversity of phenotypic traits of peanut germplasm resources in high latitude and improve their comprehensive utilization efficiency,226 accessions were examined for 19 phenotypic traits(eleven agronomic traits and eight quality traits),followed by coefficient of variation(CV),Shannon-weaver index(H'),cluster analysis and so on.The CV ranged from 2.90％(oil content)to 34.07％(saccharose content),including 13 traits showing CV over 10.00％,indicating abundant genetic variation in these traits.The H'ranged from 1.237(linoleic acid content)to 2.077(pod length).The variations on diversity were observed from germplasm types,and abundant diversity was detected at five quality traits in the lines and eight agronomic traits in breeding varieties.The correlation analysis showed that seed length positively correlated with other agronomical traits,while oil content negatively correlated with other quality traits.Three groups were divided by cluster analysis,including group I containing 14 germplasms,which were mainly characterized by high oleic acid,and reducing sugar,soluble sugar,saccharose and total sugar content,with potential in breeding for high oleic acid varieties and fresh peanut varieties.Group Ⅱ contained 30 germplasms,with the average values of 12 phenotypic traits that were the highest among the three groups.That included number of branches with pods,height of main stem and oil content,which could be used for breeding high-oil varieties.Group Ⅲ contained 182 germplasms,showing the highest coefficient of variation at 13 traits among the three groups,such as number of branches with pods and length of first branch,and rich germplasm types,which could provide a wide range of basic germplasms for breeding high-yield varieties.Ten elite germplasms were selected by comprehensive score F-value,with potential serving as parental lines in peanut breeding in high latitude.
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