As an advanced detection technology,metagenomics can directly extract DNA from environmental samples and obtain the whole genome information of microbial communities through high-throughput sequencing without culture.At present,there are commonly used metagenomics sequencing platforms,such as Illumina and PacBio,and key data analysis meth-ods,including QIIME and MEGAN,which are used to process and analyze a large number of microbial data.In the study of microbial community species diversity with metagenomic sequen-cing technology,16S rRNA gene sequencing is applied,along with diversity analysis based on Shannon index and Simpson index.In functional gene research,gene annotation is performed u-sing KEGG and COG databases,and tools such as PICRUSt are employed for functional predic-tion and metabolic pathway analysis.Metagenomics provides strong support for the in-depth a-nalysis of soil microbial community structure and its ecological functions,and significant pro-gress has been made in revealing the interaction mechanisms between soil microbes and environ-mental factors.
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