Application of Metagenomic Technique in the Study of Species and Functional Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities
As an advanced detection technology,metagenomics can directly extract DNA from environmental samples and obtain the whole genome information of microbial communities through high-throughput sequencing without culture.At present,there are commonly used metagenomics sequencing platforms,such as Illumina and PacBio,and key data analysis meth-ods,including QIIME and MEGAN,which are used to process and analyze a large number of microbial data.In the study of microbial community species diversity with metagenomic sequen-cing technology,16S rRNA gene sequencing is applied,along with diversity analysis based on Shannon index and Simpson index.In functional gene research,gene annotation is performed u-sing KEGG and COG databases,and tools such as PICRUSt are employed for functional predic-tion and metabolic pathway analysis.Metagenomics provides strong support for the in-depth a-nalysis of soil microbial community structure and its ecological functions,and significant pro-gress has been made in revealing the interaction mechanisms between soil microbes and environ-mental factors.
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