摘要
为探明草果假茎黑斑病菌小孢拟盘多毛孢CGJ-3的生物学特性,采用生长速率法和血球计数板法检测碳源、氮源、温度、光照及pH值对其菌丝生长与产孢的影响.结果表明:小孢拟盘多毛孢CGJ-3在以葡萄糖、甘露醇、山梨醇、果糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、淀粉和木糖为碳源的培养基上均能生长并产孢,葡萄糖为最适合菌丝生长的碳源,果糖为最佳产孢碳源.除尿素外,该菌在以牛肉膏、蛋白胨、甘氨酸、硝酸钾、硝酸钠、磷酸铵、硝酸铵、甲硫氨酸和硫酸氨为氮源的培养基上均能生长并产孢,牛肉膏为最佳氮源.病原菌适宜生长温度为23～29 ℃,最佳温度为27 ℃;产孢适宜温度为25～27 ℃,最佳温度同样为27 ℃.光照促进病原菌的生长与产孢,栽种常绿阔叶树可抑制其繁殖.该菌在pH值为4～12时均能生长,pH值为4～11时能产孢,最适生长的pH值为6,最适产孢的pH值为7.采用咪鲜胺、吡唑醚菌酯和曹氏甲托可以控制拟盘多毛孢属真菌引起的草果病害.研究结果为草果栽种常绿阔叶树和施用尿素可抑制病原菌生长与产孢提供了理论依据.
Abstract
To elucidate the biological characteristics of Amomum tsao-ko black spot disease fun-gus CGJ-3(Pestalotiopsis microspora),the growth rate method and hemocytometer method were used to assess the effects of carbon sources,nitrogen sources,temperature,light,and pH on mycelial growth and spore production.The results showed that CGJ-3 could grow and pro-duce spores on media containing glucose,mannitol,sorbitol,fructose,sucrose,maltose,starch,and xylose,with glucose being the most suitable carbon source for mycelial growth and fructose as the best for spore production.Except urea,the fungus grew and produced spores on media with beef extract,peptone,glycine,potassium nitrate,sodium nitrate,ammonium phosphate,ammonium nitrate,methionine,and threonine as nitrogen sources,with beef ex-tract being the optimal nitrogen source.The suitable growth temperature for the pathogen was 23～29 ℃,with an optimum temperature at 27 ℃;the suitable temperature range for spore production was 25～27 ℃,with the optimum temperature also at 27 ℃.Light promoted the growth and spore production of the pathogen,while planting evergreen broadleaf trees with A.tsao-ko plants could inhibit the reproduction of the pathogen.The fungus was able to grow at a pH range of 4～12 and produced spores at a pH of 4～11,with the optimal pH for growth be-ing 6 and the optimal pH for spore production being 7.The application of procymidone,pyra-clostrobin,and chlorothalonil can control the A.tsao-ko black spot diseases caused by the genus Pestalotiopsis.The results provide theoretical support for the planting of evergreen broadleaf trees and the application of urea to inhibit the growth and spore production of the pathogen.
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