Effect of Indoxyl-sulfate on Sarcopenia Signaling Pathways and Muscle Cells in Patients with CKD
Sarcopenia is one of the common complications in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD),it is mainly a clinical complication of muscle mass,weight and function abnormalities and muscle atrophy caused by insufficient protein intake,reduced activity and chronic inflammation.Indoxyl-sulfate(IS),as a protein-bound uremic toxin,is not easy to be removed by clinical drugs and renal replacement therapy,it can affect multiple sarcopenic pathways and mechanisms by regulating various signaling factors and cause damage to skeletal muscle cells.This article summarized the main signaling pathways and mechanisms of sarcopenia,and explored how IS leads to mitochondrial dysfunction,skeletal muscle cell atrophy,fibrosis and other pathological conditions,leading to sarcopenia in CKD patients.By summarizing the main signaling pathways and mechanisms of sarcopenia,this paper explores how IS causes mitochondrial dysfunction,skeletal muscle cell atrophy and fibrosis.
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