目的:探讨维持性血液透析患者心理脆弱现状及影响因素.方法:采用便利抽样方法选取 2023 年 3-7 月桂林医学院附属医院血液净化中心收治的 380 例维持性血液透析患者.收集所有患者一般资料,评价所有患者心理脆弱情况、社会支持情况.比较不同一般资料患者心理脆弱量表(mental vulnerability questionnaire,MVQ)评分,统计所有患者MVQ评分及领悟社会支持量表(perceived social support scale,PSSS)评分情况.分析维持性血液透析患者MVQ评分及PSSS评分相关性.分析维持性血液透析患者心理脆弱的影响因素.结果:不同文化程度、婚姻状况、居住情况、家庭人均月收入、透析时长、有无并发症患者MVQ评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).维持性血液透析患者心理脆弱呈中等水平,其各维度条目均分由高到低为人际问题、身心症状、精神症状;领悟社会支持呈中等水平.心理脆弱总分、身心症状、精神症状、人际问题评分与社会支持总分、家庭支持、朋友支持、其他支持评分均呈负相关(P<0.05).居住情况、有无并发症、社会支持是维持性血液透析患者心理脆弱的主要影响因素(P<0.05).结论:维持性血液透析患者心理脆弱呈中等水平,其中独居、伴有并发症、社会支持是维持性血液透析患者心理脆弱的主要影响因素,应积极制订有效性、针对性的干预措施帮助其降低心理脆弱程度,提高心理健康水平,从而提高生活质量.
Analysis of Influencing Factors and Psychological Vulnerability Status in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Objective:To explore the influencing factors and psychological vulnerability status in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Method:A total of 380 patients with maintenance hemodialysis admitted to the Blood Purification Center of Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College from March to July 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method.General data of all patients were collected,and the psychological vulnerability and social support of all patients were evaluated.The scores of mental vulnerability questionnaire(MVQ)of patients with different general data was compared.MVQ score and perceived social support scale(PSSS)score condition of all patients were counted.The correlation between MVQ score and PSSS score in maintenance hemodialysis patients was analyzed.The influencing factors of psychological vulnerability in maintenance hemodialysis patients was analyzed.Result:There were significant differences in MVQ scores among patients with different education level,marital status,residence status,per capita monthly family income,dialysis duration,and whether there were complications(P<0.05).The psychological vulnerability of maintenance hemodialysis patients was at a medium level,and the items of each dimension were divided from high to low as interpersonal problems,physical and mental symptoms,and mental symptoms.Perceived social support was at a moderate level.The total score of psychological vulnerability,physical and mental symptoms,mental symptoms,interpersonal problems scores were negatively correlated with the total score of social support,family support,friend support and other support scores(P<0.05).Living condition,complications and social support were the main influencing factors of psychological vulnerability in maintenance hemodialysis patients(P<0.05).Conclusion:The psychological vulnerability of maintenance hemodialysis patients is at a moderate level,among which living alone,complications and social support are the main factors affecting the psychological vulnerability of maintenance hemodialysis patients.Effective and targeted intervention measures should be actively formulated to help them reduce their psychological vulnerability and improve their mental health level,so as to improve their quality of life.